work against	对。。。不利

work on		对。。。起作用；从事于

work out	实现；锻炼

at work		起作用；在工作

agricultural workforce		农业劳动力

Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one).

工作保障或稳定是第二重要的职业目标（工作与生活的平衡时第一位的）。

vocational education 职业教育

vocational schools	职业技术学校

While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point.

尽管这份声明有些含糊，但它却代表一个起点。

Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.

而今，它们（指银行）辩解称，市场价格夸大了损失，因为它们在很大程度上反映的是市场暂时的流动性不足，而不是坏账可能达到的程度。

real estate	// 房地产

The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.

白宫认为，即使亚利桑那州的法律严格遵守联邦法规，该州的法律也与联邦的执行优先权冲突。

to the letter  // 精确地；丝毫不差

Similar to nearly staked mining claims, they are full of potential.

就像新提出的采矿权声明一样，他们充满着可能性。

stake out  // 清楚地界定自己认为属于自己的东西

stake out exclusive rights to  // 宣布对。。。的独占权

at stake(成败难料)

MBA(Master of Business Administration)

Many young Americans cast doubts on the administration's ability to handle information.

许多美国年轻人对政府处理信息的能力表示怀疑。

administrative costs  // 管理成本

Growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of highter education.

// 发展体现在适龄人群高校入学率的变化上。

If we readjust our view of arguments--from a verbal fight or tinnis games to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect and understanding--then we change the very nature of what it means to "win" an argument.

// 如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法 -- 从一场言语争吵或网球比赛，到一场理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得相互的尊重和理解 -- 那么我们就会改变 “赢得” 一场争论的核心本质。

in exchange for  // 作为... 的交换

exchange A for B  // 把 A 换成 B

They could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant.

// 在等待搜查令到来的同时，他们（指执法者）可以采取合理的措施去保证手机中的数据不被删除或者更改。

AT&T is cited to show an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy.

// 文中提到的美国电话电报公司（AT&T）是为了表明解雇和再雇佣策略的一个代替方案。

alternative energy  // 可替代能源

But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wondn't help.

// 但转向以农作物为主的饮食不会有帮助。

switch between A and B  // 在 A 和 B 之间转换

switch to  // 转换到...

get/be used to sth./to doing sth.  // 习惯于做某事

used to do sth.  // 过去常常做某事，但现在不做了。

Relaying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.

// 依靠道德劝说而不是法律来应对理想身材标准的误用可能是最好的措施。

Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs,these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.

// 这些社会援助项目被称为有条件的现金转移支付或者 CCT，旨在减少不平等和打破贫穷的恶性循环。

social media  // 社交媒体

social skills  // 社交技巧

social sensitiveness  // 社交敏感

The student culture becomes the chaif socialising force for new postgraduate students.

// 学生文化成为新入学研究生的主要社交推动力。

Britain's new rule is a reminder to banks that society has an interest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.

// 英国的新规提醒银行家们：社会与他们的表现利害攸关，不仅仅是在短期内，长远看来更是如此。

vi.采取

Meanwhile, there are steps you can take to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in ordor to protect both your physical and mental wellbeing.

// 与此同时，随着年龄的增长，你可以采取一些措施来帮助减少腹部脂肪，维持精瘦肌肉的总量，以此来保持身心健康。

n.看法

At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Ciruit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission(FCC) on net neutrality.

// 美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院目前面临的争议问题，就是联邦通讯委员会关于网络中立的最新立场。

I can't take it anymore.

// 我再也受不了了。

It's taken.  // 有人了。

This seat's taken.  // 这位子有人了。

cut calorie intake  // 减少卡路里摄入量

retake a course  // 重修一门课程

make a mistake  // 犯错

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or dong far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements.

// 在我自己的研究中，女性对自己的丈夫抱怨最多的并不是一些切实存在的不公平现象，如为了陪伴丈夫（从事他的事业）而放弃发展自己事业的机会或是承担的日常家务劳动远比丈夫多，比如打扫卫生、做饭及各种社交安排等。

Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believe.

// 复制和确认人们已经知晓和相信的知识几乎不会带来什么回报。

Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion?

// 旅客结伴旅游会感到舒服吗？

Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded:"We do not attract what we want, but what we are."

// 由于愿望和意志会因为同愿望背道而驰的思想的存在而受到伤害，艾伦得出如下结论：“我们吸引什么取决于我们自身而不是我们所求。”

accord with   // 同... 相符；与... 一致

People complained that buses were late and infrequent. So, the number of busesand bus lanes were increased, and drivers were rewarded or published according to the time they took.

// 人们抱怨公交车晚点且班次少。因此，公交车和公交车专用道的数量增加了，而且司机们会依据他们（路上）所花的时间被奖励或惩罚。

on one's own  // 独自地；独立地

business oweners  // 企业主

factory oweners  // 厂主

slave oweners  // 奴隶主

ownership structure  // 所有权结构

ownership of property  // 财产所有权

Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.

// 宪法具有政治性，因为他是基于自由和财产等基本社会概念的选择的结果。

Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.

// 该党（英国工党）现任领袖埃德・米利班德将其如今的地位归功于公共部门工会的选票。

This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action or banning single-use plastics altogether.

// 这可能意味着会施行一些政策，比如征收塑料税（会增加产生环境问题行为的成本），抑或意味着禁止使用一次性塑料制品。

It introduces an effective means of publication.

// 它介绍了一种有效的出版方式。

be meant to do sth.  // 注定做某事

as a means of  // 作为... 的一种手段；作为... 的工具

mean well  // 本意是好的；出于好心

If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

// 如果我们真想确保科研既有意义又可再生，我们就必须保证我们的体制鼓励此类科学研究。

Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitiments, or it simply didn't foresee what would happen next.

// 或许安特吉公司从来就没有真的打算信守那些承诺，，又或许它只是没有预料到接下来会发生什么。

have no intention to do sth./of doing sth.  // 不打算做某事

leak secrets intentionally  // 故意泄露秘密

As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even know their fourth coursins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who resemble our kin."

// 正如加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校医学遗传学教授詹姆斯・富勒所言:"大多数人甚至不知道自己的第四代表亲是谁，但总是莫名其妙地设法选择与自己的亲属相似的人做朋友。"

choose  // 个人意愿和判断进行挑选

select  // 经过认真考虑后的选择

natural selection  // 自然选择；物竞天择

jury selection  // 陪审员遴选

After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally.

// 当购物持续了约 40 分钟后，大多数人就不再试图去理性地仔细挑选了，而是开始情绪化购物。

have no option  // 别无选择

stock options  // 股票期权

human rights  // 人权

human habitation  // 人烟；人类居住

human beings  // 人类

human nature  // 人性

They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundrecdor-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

// 他们注意到维多利亚时代的人似乎突然变得更有人情味了，这是因为我们共同的欢笑体验使我们之间百年左右的隔阂逐渐消失。

common humanity  // 共同的人性

modern anthropology  // 现代人类学

physical anthropology  // 人类体格学

archaeological sites  // 考古遗迹；考古现场

archaeological and environmental impact  // 考古和环境影响

The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

// 这一想法就是要促使社会科学家将他们的工作同其他领域的工作相结合，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究和生物经济、清洁且高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会等。

It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism--that is the culture of research, after all--but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please.

// 对于这一（奖励）机制提出批评和质疑是合理的 -- 毕竟，这正是研究的文化 -- 但那是奖项设立者的钱，他们想怎么花就怎么花。

without question  // 毫无疑问

in question  // 正被考虑或讨论的

People are incited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that give her an IQ of 288--the highest score ever recorded.

// 人们被邀请向玛丽莲・沃斯・萨万特提问，她在 10 岁时就做过适合 23 岁左右的成人的智力测试；结果显示她的智商 228，是有记录以来的最高分。

One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.

// 其中一个惊人的发现是：丽贝卡・布鲁克斯竟然对发生在自己新闻编辑部的事情知之甚少，她几乎不想加以过问，实际上她也从不询问这些新闻报道的来源。

spirit of inquiry  // 探究精神

The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

//(美国) 政府在移民问题上占主导地位。

Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC has issued a special resolution.

// 面对网络中立规则的要求，美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）发布了一项特别决议。

issue a warming  // 发出警告

at issue  // 讨论或争议中的

Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while others are more straightforward.

// 开会时，有些人喜欢在讨论重要问题之前先聊一聊，而有些人则比较直接。

What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.

// 重要的是，它们（指这些算法）将属于利用公共资源开发的私人垄断企业。

international affairs  // 国际事务

"They bought the seedlings and closed them down," complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting an end to business that might one day turn into competitors.

// 总部位于旧金山的 Switch Ventures 公司的合伙人保罗・阿诺德抱怨道:"他们买下这些初创公司后将其关闭。" 这杜绝了他们有朝一日可能成为其竞争对手的可能。

Trust is a tricky business.  // 保持信任是一件棘手的事。

Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.

// 既然我们对他们（指年轻人）的主要职责是让他们参与共同生活，我们就不禁会思考这样一个问题：我们是否正在成为使他们具有这种能力的力量后盾。

freedom of commerce and trade  // 商贸自由

lack commercial value  // 缺乏商业价值

television commercials  // 电视广告

Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.

// 从亚里士多德时代开始，科学事业的特点就是寻求普遍规律。

the trade representative  // 贸易代表

Mr. Schmidt decribed it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organisations can complete online transactions with confidence, trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure on which the transaction runs."

// 施密特先生把它描述为一种 “自愿性生态系统”，在这个生态系统中，“个人和组织可以放心地完成网上交易，信任彼此的身份以及交易得以进行的网络基础设施的身份”。

For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in Frence, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000--more than 40 percent of retail sales.

// 例如，在 2000 年，法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和英国的食品和饮料批发销售额高达 2680 亿美元，占零售销售额的 40% 以上。

for sale  // 待售；出售

retail  // 零售

commodities exchange  // 商品交换

Last year marked the third year in a row that Indonesia's bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.

// 去年使印度尼西亚森林砍伐率连续第三年放缓。

In the 1960s and 1970s, European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with the empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.

// 在 20 实际 60 年代和 70 年代，欧洲大学的管理安排发生了显著变化，开始放权给初级执教，在一定程度上，也给予学生一些权力。

a markedly different, more vibrant organization   // 一个明显不同的、更加有活力的组织

To some extent the housing sctor must shoulder the blame.

// 在一定程度上，住房部门必须对此承担责任。

Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors.

// 大型零售商必须清楚这些差异，才能了解欧洲批发业的细分市场，从而可能利用自己独有的能力从中挤走那些规模较小但是地位稳固的竞争者。

It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you're in a meeting or other public space.

// 如果你们在会议室或在其他公共场所讨论，推迟谈话也是一个好主意。

That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

// 这就是我们出版《圆弧》这本致力于研究不久的将来的新刊物的原因之一。

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.

// 部分问题在于，政府没有预料到航空旅行的急剧增长，所以美国运输安全管理局 (TSA) 正在加紧增加新的安检人员。

a governmental job-training program  // 一个政府的职业培训项目

governmental pressure  // 政府压力

Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have too conservative to implement them.

// 改革的良策早已呼之欲出，但监管这个行业的州级机构却太过保守，不愿执行这些方案。

California Governor  // 加利福尼亚州州长

a psychology researcher  // 一名心里学研究员

It is under the FCC's investigation.  // 它（指美国电话电报公司）正在接受美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 的调查。